opisanymi

Opisanymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective-past participle opisany, which derives from the verb opisać, meaning “described.” In Polish grammar it functions as a descriptive modifier and agrees with the noun in number, case, and gender. The form opisanymi is specifically used with nouns in the instrumental case in the plural.

Morphology and usage

The instrumental plural ending for adjectives of the -ny/-owy class is -ymi, which yields opisanymi in this case. This form is used with masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns in the plural when the noun is in the instrumental case. Typical examples include opisanymi dokumentami and opisanymi notatkami, meaning “described documents” and “described notes,” respectively.

Context and function

Opisanymi appears in sentences where something is described or characterized in a particular way and where the noun it modifies is in the instrumental case. It is not a standalone lexical item, but a grammatical form of the participle/adjective opisany that reflects how the noun is involved in the action of description or in a described state. The word often appears in formal or written Polish, such as reports, analyses, and descriptions of data or objects.

Etymology

The form comes from the root opisać (“to describe”) with the participial suffix -any, followed by the instrumental plural ending -mi, yielding opisanymi.