ontológica

Ontológica is the Spanish adjectival form related to ontology, the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of being, existence, and reality. The term ontology comes from Greek ontología, from ontós meaning "being" and lógos meaning "study" or "account." In philosophical usage, ontological questions explore what kinds of entities exist, what it means for something to exist, and how entities are categorized and related within a system of concepts.

Historically, ontology has roots in ancient Greek thought and was developed in medieval scholasticism, where scholars like Aquinas integrated metaphysical questions with theological concerns. In modern philosophy, debates have focused on realism versus anti-realism, the status of universals, and the nature of substances and properties. In analytic traditions, ontology often involves formal theories that specify basic entities, relations, and structures of a domain. A common distinction in contemporary usage is between ontology as a theoretical inquiry about the nature of being and ontology as a practical framework for organizing knowledge in a domain.

In information science, ontologies are explicit, shared specifications of the concepts and relationships within a domain, designed to enable data interoperability, reasoning, and reuse. They are central to artificial intelligence, the semantic web, and knowledge management. An ontological commitment refers to the assumed existence of certain entities within a theory or model. In everyday Spanish, ontológica also appears as an adjective describing matters connected to ontology, such as preguntas ontológicas.