onkotického

Onkotického is a term related to oncotic pressure, also known as colloid osmotic pressure. This pressure is a type of osmotic pressure exerted by large molecules, primarily proteins, that are dissolved in a fluid. In biological systems, particularly in blood plasma, the major contributors to oncotic pressure are albumin and other plasma proteins.

Oncotic pressure plays a crucial role in fluid exchange across semipermeable membranes, such as the capillary walls. It acts in opposition to hydrostatic pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the fluid itself. In capillaries, the hydrostatic pressure tends to push fluid out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, while the oncotic pressure, generated by proteins that cannot easily cross the capillary membrane, tends to draw fluid back into the capillaries. This balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures, known as the Starling forces, governs the movement of fluid between the blood and interstitial spaces.

Disruptions in oncotic pressure can lead to various medical conditions. For instance, a decrease in plasma protein concentration, often due to liver disease, kidney disease, or malnutrition, can lower oncotic pressure. This reduced oncotic pressure can cause fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces, leading to edema, or swelling. Therefore, maintaining adequate oncotic pressure is essential for proper fluid balance and overall physiological function.