olmaks

The olm, scientific name Proteus anguinus, is an aquatic salamander that inhabits the caves of Central and Southeastern Europe. It is the only known species in the genus Proteus. The olm is characterized by its elongated, slender body, reduced eyes, and external gills, which are typically bright red. Its skin is pale and translucent, giving it a ghostly appearance.

Olms are blind as adults, their eyes being vestigial and covered by a layer of skin. They rely on their other senses, such as smell and hearing, to navigate and find prey in the dark cave environments. Their diet consists mainly of small invertebrates found in subterranean waters, such as crustaceans, insects, and snails.

A remarkable adaptation of the olm is its neoteny, meaning it retains larval features throughout its adult life, including its external gills. They can live for a very long time, with some individuals estimated to be over 100 years old. Reproduction is slow, and they reach sexual maturity late in life.

The olm is an important indicator species for the health of subterranean aquatic ecosystems. Pollution and habitat destruction pose significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts are in place in various countries to protect its populations and their unique cave habitats. The olm is sometimes referred to as the "human fish" due to its pale, flesh-like skin.