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The triceps brachii, commonly known as the triceps, is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrate animals. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint. The word triceps is Latin for "three-headed", referring to the three parts of the muscle: the long head, the lateral head, and the medial head.

The long head originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. The lateral head originates from the posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove. The medial head originates from the posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove. All three heads converge and insert onto the olecranon process of the ulna.

The triceps is primarily responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow. It is also involved in extending the shoulder when the arm is already extended. When performing a push-up, the triceps contract to straighten the arms. Similarly, they are active during activities such as throwing, pushing, and lifting.

Weakness in the triceps can affect the ability to extend the elbow, making everyday tasks more difficult. Conversely, strong triceps contribute to upper body strength and can improve performance in various athletic activities. The triceps can be strengthened through exercises like push-ups, dips, and triceps extensions.