oecumenica

Oecumenica refers to the ecumenical movement and related activities, aims, and thinking within Christianity toward the goal of visible unity among churches. The term comes from the Greek oikoumenē, meaning “the inhabited world,” and through Latin oecumenicus it has long been used to denote universal or world-spanning concerns. In many languages, oecumenica or ecumenical is the standard descriptor for projects, dialogues, or institutions associated with ecumenism.

Historically, ecumenism emerged in modern times as churches sought greater dialogue after centuries of separation. In the 20th century, international bodies such as the World Council of Churches (founded 1948) and bilateral dialogues between Catholics, Orthodox, and Protestant churches gave form to the movement. Vatican II’s decree Unitatis Redintegratio (1964) affirmed Catholic participation in ecumenical activity. Ecumenical work now includes joint worship, shared study programs, the exchange of delegates, and collaborative humanitarian and social projects, as well as doctrinal conversations aimed at resolving theological differences.

Contemporary ecumenical efforts strive to balance doctrinal integrity with practical cooperation, recognizing differences in sacraments, church governance, and liturgical practice. While progress has produced common statements and some mutual recognitions, full visible unity remains a long-term objective subject to ongoing negotiation. The term oecumenica thus covers both the ideals of Christian unity and the concrete programs, networks, and institutions dedicated to pursuing that unity.

See also: ecumenism; World Council of Churches; Unitatis Redintegratio; interchurch cooperation.