obstinate

Obstinate is an adjective describing a person or behavior characterized by stubbornly refusing to change one's mind or course of action despite persuasion, evidence, or reasonable arguments. It can refer to attitudes, decisions, or situations that persist in a fixed stance long after alternatives have been presented. In everyday usage, obstinate behavior often carries a negative connotation, implying unnecessary rigidity or irrational resistance. In some contexts, it may suggest determination or principled perseverance.

Etymology: The word comes from Latin obstinatus, meaning stubborn, from obstinare “to persist” (from ob- + stare, to stand). It entered English via Middle French obstinant or obstinatus in the 14th century.

Usage and nuance: Obstinate is commonly used to describe someone who refuses to listen or yield, even when reasons are clear. It is distinct from willful or headstrong in some contexts, but similar in implying a refusal to adapt. The related adverb obstinately and noun obstinacy express the manner or quality of stubborn persistence.

Related terms and considerations: Obstinacy refers to the quality of being obstinate, while obstinate behavior can be described as stubborn or persistent. Synonyms include stubborn, unyielding, and tenacious in a negative sense; antonyms include flexible, amenable, and pliant. In literature and everyday speech, obstinacy can underscore character, but excessive obstinacy may hinder problem solving.