oblations

An oblation is an offering presented to a deity, spirit, or sacred place as part of a ritual. The term derives from Latin oblatio, from ob- “toward” and latio “bringing, bearing.” In many religious systems, oblatory acts accompany prayers, vows, or rites of dedication.

Oblations can be animal sacrifices, grain or fruit offerings, meal offerings, libations (liquid offerings such as wine or oil), or incense. They may be burnt as a sign of surrender or presented to be consumed by the deity’s agents. Oblations may serve various purposes: gratitude, supplication, atonement, appeasement of offended powers, or the dedication of first-fruits and shrines.

Historically, oblatory practices are documented in the ancient Near East, classical Greco-Roman religion, Judaism (as described in Leviticus and related books), Hindu yajna and homa ceremonies, and in East Asian religious traditions; in some cases the material offerings are paired with ritualized performances, music, or dance. In monotheistic traditions, the concept has been adapted or reinterpreted; for example, in Christianity the Eucharist is sometimes described as an oblation of bread and wine, and some theologians refer to the faithful’s prayers as oblations. In modern scholarship, oblatory rites are studied as mechanisms for social cohesion, reciprocity, and the negotiation of power and piety.