nýrnaþræðilsbólgu

Nýrnaþræðilsbólga, also known as glomerulonephritis, is a type of kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are the small filtering units in the kidneys. These glomeruli are responsible for removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. When glomerulonephritis occurs, the glomeruli become inflamed or damaged, impairing their ability to filter blood effectively.

There are several causes of nýrnaþræðilsbólga. It can be caused by infections, such as certain strains of bacteria or viruses, or it can be an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own kidney tissues. Genetic factors can also play a role. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic glomerulonephritis.

Symptoms of nýrnaþræðilsbólga can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Some individuals may experience no noticeable symptoms, while others might develop swelling in the legs, ankles, or face (edema). Other common signs include blood in the urine (hematuria), which can make the urine appear pink, red, or brown, and protein in the urine (proteinuria), which may cause foamy urine. High blood pressure and decreased urine output can also be present.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, urine tests to detect blood and protein, and blood tests to assess kidney function. Kidney biopsy, where a small sample of kidney tissue is examined under a microscope, is often necessary for a definitive diagnosis and to determine the specific type and cause of the inflammation.

Treatment for nýrnaþræðilsbólga aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of kidney damage, and address the underlying cause. This may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce inflammation, or suppress the immune system. Dietary changes, such as reducing salt and protein intake, may also be recommended. In severe cases or if kidney function deteriorates significantly, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be required.