nöfn

Nöfn is the Icelandic word for "names" and is the plural form of nafn. It is used to refer to proper names—identifiers given to people, places, organizations, works of art, and other entities. In everyday use, nöfn encompass both personal names and geographical or institutional names.

In Icelandic practice, proper names are capitalized. A typical Icelandic name combination includes a fornafn (given name) and, for many, an eftirnafn (family name) derived from a parent’s name. Because most Icelanders use patronymics or matronymics rather than inherited surnames, nöfn often reflect lineage rather than a fixed family name.

Names are regulated in several ways. The Icelandic Naming Committee (Nafnnefnd) reviews proposed given names for linguistic compatibility and cultural fit. Names may be rejected or altered if they could cause practical problems in inflection, pronunciation, or social integration.

Historically, nöfn in Icelandic derive from Old Norse and later Danish influence, and their forms are adapted to Icelandic phonology and grammar. The plural nöfn is formed from the singular nafn, illustrating vowel and consonant alternation typical of Icelandic noun plurals.

In official records and everyday life, nöfn serve as essential identifiers, shaping identity and social interaction. They include personal names as well as place names and organization names, ensuring clarity in communication and documentation.