nukleozydem

Nukleozydem is a term derived from the Polish language, referring to a nucleoside. A nucleoside is a molecule composed of a nitrogenous base and a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. These are fundamental building blocks of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

There are two main types of nucleosides: ribonucleosides, which contain ribose sugar and are found in RNA, and deoxyribonucleosides, which contain deoxyribose sugar and are found in DNA. The nitrogenous bases commonly found in nucleosides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Adenine and guanine are purines, while cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines.

In DNA, the four nucleosides are deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine. In RNA, they are adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine. The linkage between the sugar and the nitrogenous base is a beta-N9-glycosidic bond.

Nucleosides play crucial roles in various biological processes beyond being components of genetic material. They are involved in energy metabolism, cell signaling, and are precursors for nucleotide synthesis. Nucleotides, which are nucleosides with one or more phosphate groups attached, are the actual monomers that form DNA and RNA chains. The term nukleozydem, therefore, directly relates to these essential biological molecules.