nucleofilin

Nucleofilin is a protein family characterized by the presence of a nucleophilin domain, which is involved in binding to nucleic acids, particularly RNA. These proteins are primarily found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, hence their name. They play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including gene regulation, RNA processing, and nucleocytoplasmic transport.

The nucleophilin domain typically consists of a tandem repeat of two conserved regions, each exhibiting homology to the RNA-binding motif of nucleolin. This domain allows nucleophilins to interact with a wide range of RNA molecules, influencing their structure, localization, and function. Different members of the nucleofilin family can bind to specific types of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), highlighting their diverse regulatory roles.

Beyond their RNA-binding capabilities, nucleophilins can also interact with proteins, further expanding their functional repertoire. These protein-protein interactions contribute to the assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes and the recruitment of other factors involved in gene expression and RNA metabolism.

Dysregulation of nucleofilin function has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Their involvement in fundamental cellular processes makes them potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Research continues to uncover the intricate mechanisms by which nucleophilins contribute to cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.