nucleaire

Nucleaire is a term used to describe phenomena and technologies related to the nucleus of the atom, as well as processes that involve atomic nuclei. In science and industry it covers fundamental research in nuclear physics and practical applications such as energy production, medical uses, and radiological technologies. In French, the corresponding adjective is nucléaire.

Nuclear physics studies the properties of nuclei, the forces at play within the nucleus, and the interactions that lead to reactions and decays. The field supplies knowledge about isotopes, binding energies, nuclear reactions, and decay schemes that underpin both science and applications.

Nuclear energy uses fission or fusion to release energy. Fission reactors convert heat from split nuclei into electricity, while fusion research seeks to harness energy from light nuclei joining together. Safety, waste management, and nonproliferation are central concerns in the civilian use of nuclear energy. Nuclear technology also supports medicine and industry, through diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy, sterilization, and non-destructive testing with radiography and tracers.

Historically, research on the atomic nucleus began in the early 20th century, leading to the development of nuclear weapons in the mid-20th century and, subsequently, a global program of civilian nuclear power. International agreements and safety standards address nonproliferation, safety, and environmental impacts. Ongoing work aims to improve efficiency and explore cleaner options such as safer reactor designs and fusion.

Common terms associated with nucleaire include nuclear physics, nuclear energy, radiology, radioprotection, and ionizing radiation safety.