nonradiographic

Nonradiographic is an adjective used to describe conditions, tests, or imaging approaches that do not involve ionizing radiation or that do not rely on standard radiographs. In medicine, it contrasts with radiographic methods that use X-ray imaging and with radiographic findings that are visible on conventional X-ray films.

In medical imaging, nonradiographic modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide structural or functional information without ionizing radiation. Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves, while MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses. These techniques are commonly employed when radiation exposure is a concern, such as in pediatric imaging, pregnancy, or situations requiring repeated follow-up assessments.

In rheumatology, nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) describes a form of axial spondyloarthritis in which conventional X-ray imaging does not show sacroiliitis. The diagnosis relies on clinical criteria and MRI or other inflammatory features. If radiographs do show sacroiliac joint changes, the condition is classified as radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, also known as ankylosing spondylitis. The distinction can influence prognosis and treatment decisions, though both share underlying inflammatory processes and may respond to similar therapies.

Beyond rheumatology, the term can apply to other diseases or assessments where radiographic evidence is absent or minimized, underscoring a focus on nonradiographic evaluation methods and reduced radiation exposure.