nonpaper

A nonpaper is an informal diplomatic document used to convey ideas, positions, or proposed language between parties without creating formal obligations or official status. It is circulated in negotiations and discussions to explore options, test reactions, or sketch possible language before a formal instrument is drafted. The document is typically unsigned and lacks an official document code or binding authority.

Origin and usage: The term arises in traditional diplomacy and has become common in modern practice across governments, international organizations, and think tanks. Nonpapers are frequently exchanged bilaterally or multilaterally, especially in forums such as regional talks, treaty negotiations, and high-level multilateral discussions. They function as a flexible tool to facilitate dialogue without triggering formal approval processes.

Format and content: A nonpaper may summarize positions, propose language for an agreement, or outline alternative approaches. It is usually concise and may resemble a brief note or draft text, but it remains unofficial and non-binding. Because it is informal, its content can evolve quickly through subsequent nonpapers or formal documents.

Purpose and limitations: The primary purpose is to enable exploratory discussion and position-coordination without creating legal commitments. Limitations include the lack of formal status, potential misinterpretation, and the risk of leakage or disagreement about its authority. Nonpapers are not substitutes for official notes, memoranda, or treaty texts, but can help pave the way for more formal instruments.

See also: position paper, concept note, working paper, policy paper.