nonHodgkinin

NonHodgkinin is not a standard term in medical literature. It may be a misspelling or informal reference to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a diverse group of cancers arising from lymphocytes.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses many subtypes with varying behavior and treatment responses. It is distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma and represents a broad spectrum of diseases.

Most NHLs arise from B cells (about 85%), with common subtypes including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma; T-cell lymphomas also occur but are less common. The disease can present at any age but is more frequent in adults.

Signs often include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, unintended weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis requires a biopsy of involved tissue, followed by immunophenotyping and imaging to determine specific subtype and extent.

Staging follows the Ann Arbor system, ranging from stage I to IV, and may classify tumors as indolent or aggressive. Prognosis depends on subtype, stage, patient health, and treatment response.

Treatment is tailored to the subtype and stage, and may involve chemotherapy with rituximab, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, radiation, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant in selected cases. For some indolent forms, careful observation is appropriate.

Ongoing research focuses on novel antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, and small-molecule inhibitors to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity.