nodebiopsi

Nodebiopsi, or lymph node biopsy, is a medical procedure that obtains tissue from a lymph node for histopathological examination. The goal is to determine the cause of lymphadenopathy and to diagnose or stage conditions such as infections, cancers (including lymphoma and metastasis), and inflammatory diseases.

There are several biopsy methods. Excisional biopsy removes the entire node. Core needle biopsy uses a hollow needle to take a solid cylinder of tissue. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) withdraws cells through a thin needle. In some cases, ultrasound or CT guidance is used to improve sampling, especially for deep or hard-to-reach nodes. Open surgical biopsy is less common but may be used when other methods are inconclusive.

Indications include persistent or enlarging lymph nodes, suspected lymphoma or metastatic cancer, suspected infectious or granulomatous diseases, and staging or monitoring of known malignancies. Biopsy results can guide diagnosis, treatment choices, and prognosis.

The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, with sedation or general anesthesia for longer or more complex cases. A small incision or needle entry site is prepared, and tissue samples are obtained and sent to pathology for examination. Some centers offer rapid on-site evaluation for certain procedures.

Preparation may involve medical history review, coagulation workup, and temporary stopping of certain medications that increase bleeding risk. Risks include infection, bleeding or hematoma, pain, nerve injury, and, depending on the site, lymphedema or scarring. False negatives can occur, particularly with FNA.

Results are interpreted by a pathologist, often utilizing immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, or molecular tests as needed. Recovery varies by method and node location, with wound care and activity guidelines provided by the clinician.