nitrtaatio
Nitrtaatio, commonly referred to in English as nitration, is the chemical introduction of one or more nitro groups (-NO2) into an organic substrate. It is a central transformation in aromatic chemistry and is used to prepare a wide range of nitro compounds that serve as intermediates for dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and energetic materials. The term can also apply to nitration of some aliphatic substrates, though the aromatic case is by far the most studied and widely employed.
For aromatic nitration, the key electrophilic species is the nitronium ion (NO2+). This active oxidizing agent
Common nitrating systems involve mixtures of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids, though alternative reagents such as