nitrogennarkose

Nitrogen narcosis, also known as nitrogen intoxication or deep-sea narcosis, is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs in scuba divers at increased ambient pressures. It is caused by breathing nitrogen at higher partial pressures than those encountered at sea level. Symptoms can vary depending on the depth and the individual diver, but commonly include euphoria, disorientation, impaired judgment, anxiety, and a reduced ability to perform complex tasks. In severe cases, it can lead to hallucinations or even unconsciousness.

The onset of nitrogen narcosis is typically rapid, occurring as a diver descends. The partial pressure of nitrogen in the breathing gas increases with depth, and it is believed that this elevated partial pressure affects the central nervous system. The exact mechanism is not fully understood but is thought to involve the interaction of nitrogen with lipid membranes in nerve cells or interference with neurotransmitter function.

The primary treatment for nitrogen narcosis is ascent to a shallower depth. As the diver ascends, the partial pressure of nitrogen decreases, and the symptoms gradually subside. It is crucial for divers to recognize the symptoms of nitrogen narcosis in themselves and their buddies and to ascend immediately if they occur. Prevention involves avoiding deep dives beyond recreational limits and ensuring proper dive planning. Divers may also consider using alternative breathing gas mixtures, such as nitrox (enriched air with less nitrogen) or trimix (a mixture of helium, nitrogen, and oxygen), for deeper dives to mitigate the effects of nitrogen narcosis.