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Niobium, also known by its chemical symbol Nb, is a chemical element with the atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, often found in the mineral columbite. Niobium is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in various applications due to its excellent strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion. It is often used in alloys, such as in stainless steel, to improve its properties. Niobium is also used in superconducting materials, particularly in the form of niobium-titanium alloys, which are used in the construction of superconducting magnets for applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines and particle accelerators. Additionally, niobium is used in the production of electronic components, such as capacitors and resistors, due to its ability to store and release electrical energy. Niobium is not found in its pure form in nature, but is instead extracted from its ores through a series of chemical processes. It is a relatively rare element, but its unique properties make it an important material in modern technology.