niezmienne

Niezmienne is a Polish adjective meaning unchanging or invariant. It describes properties, quantities or objects that do not change under specified conditions or transformations. The term is widely used in science, mathematics and programming as a generic descriptor of constancy.

In mathematics and physics, invariants are quantities or properties unchanged by a set of operations or symmetries. For example, the Euclidean distance between two points is preserved by isometries; the modulus of a complex number remains the same under multiplication by a unit complex number; and under similarity transformations, the determinant and the trace of a matrix are invariant. In physics, conserved quantities under a symmetry, such as energy or momentum, are regarded as invariants. Invariant theory studies such quantities and their classifications. Concepts of invariance provide tools for solving problems where the exact form may vary but essential features remain constant.

In computer science, the related notion of immutability—often described in Polish as niezmienne values or structures—refers to data that cannot be modified after creation. Operations that would alter such data instead create new values. Immutability supports referential transparency and easier reasoning about programs, and is common in functional programming languages.

Across disciplines, recognizing invariants helps understand structure, symmetry and stability. The term niezmienne thus serves as a concise descriptor of constancy in diverse contexts.