nezavisnost

Nezavisnost is a term used in several Slavic languages, most commonly translated as independence. It denotes a state of self-government free from external control, and in political science refers to sovereignty, autonomy, and the ability of a people or state to determine its own laws and international relations.

Political independence typically involves the creation or recognition of a sovereign state or the establishment of substantial autonomy within a larger political entity. It usually requires a defined population and territory, a functioning government, and the capacity to engage in international relations. International recognition is often important for de jure independence, though some entities exercise de facto control with limited or contested recognition.

Paths to nezavisnost vary and have included peaceful negotiations, referendums, constitutional changes, and the dissolution of empires or unions. Debates about self-determination and territorial integrity shape these processes. International law provides frameworks and norms, while political realities and power dynamics influence outcomes.

Challenges include sustaining governance, economic viability, security, and international legitimacy. Recognition disputes, external pressure, and internal divisions can complicate efforts to achieve and preserve nezavisnost. The term is commonly used in political discourse, history, and law to describe the process and status of self-determination and sovereign statehood.