neuronról

A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. These specialized cells are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body in the form of electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are incredibly diverse in their structure and function, but they generally share a common architecture.

The main parts of a typical neuron include the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other essential organelles. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, where chemical messengers called neurotransmitters are released to pass the signal from one cell to the next.

Neurons work by generating and propagating electrical impulses called action potentials. When a neuron is stimulated, it fires an action potential that travels down the axon. This electrical signal triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, which then bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, initiating a new signal in that cell. This complex communication network allows for all aspects of behavior, thought, and bodily function.