neuromodulatorsaim
Neuromodulators are substances that alter the signaling of neurons. Unlike neurotransmitters, which are released at synapses and act directly on postsynaptic receptors, neuromodulators can act diffusely over broader areas of the nervous system, influencing the overall activity and responsiveness of neuronal circuits. They often bind to metabotropic receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors, leading to slower, longer-lasting effects compared to ionotropic receptors activated by many neurotransmitters.
The actions of neuromodulators are crucial for regulating a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes.
For instance, dopamine is heavily involved in reward pathways and motor control, while serotonin plays a significant