neuroleptit

Neuroleptics, also known as antipsychotics, are a class of psychoactive drugs used primarily to manage psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations, in conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They can also be used to treat severe anxiety and agitation, and sometimes in other mental health conditions. Neuroleptics work by affecting the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, most notably dopamine.

The first generation of neuroleptics, often called typical antipsychotics, emerged in the 1950s. These drugs primarily block D2 dopamine receptors and are effective in reducing positive symptoms of psychosis. However, they are also associated with a range of motor side effects, such as tardive dyskinesia, a condition causing involuntary muscle movements. Examples include chlorpromazine and haloperidol.

Second-generation neuroleptics, also known as atypical antipsychotics, were developed later and aim to provide a broader range of receptor activity, often influencing serotonin receptors as well as dopamine. While generally considered to have a lower risk of motor side effects compared to typical antipsychotics, they can be associated with metabolic side effects like weight gain, diabetes, and lipid abnormalities. Examples include clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine.

The choice of neuroleptic medication depends on individual patient factors, including the specific symptoms being treated, potential side effects, and past treatment responses. They are typically prescribed by psychiatrists and require careful monitoring by healthcare professionals.