neuroleptikumid

Neuroleptics, also known as antipsychotics, are a class of drugs primarily used to manage psychosis, particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, most notably dopamine. By blocking dopamine receptors, neuroleptics can reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

There are two main types of neuroleptics: typical (or first-generation) and atypical (or second-generation). Typical neuroleptics, like haloperidol and chlorpromazine, are generally effective for positive symptoms of psychosis but can cause significant motor side effects, such as parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Atypical neuroleptics, such as risperidone and olanzapine, were developed to have a broader spectrum of action and often cause fewer motor side effects. However, they can be associated with metabolic side effects like weight gain and increased risk of diabetes.

The choice of neuroleptic depends on the individual patient's symptoms, medical history, and potential side effects. Treatment is typically long-term, and regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential to assess efficacy and manage side effects. While highly effective for symptom management, neuroleptics do not cure the underlying conditions they treat. They are usually prescribed alongside other therapies, such as psychotherapy, to provide comprehensive care.