neurogenézis

Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. Historically, it was believed that the adult brain had a fixed number of neurons and that no new ones could be generated. However, research over the past few decades has demonstrated that neurogenesis does occur in specific regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hippocampus and the subventricular zone.

The hippocampus is crucial for learning and memory, and the neurogenesis that takes place there is thought to contribute to these cognitive functions. New neurons are generated from neural stem cells and then migrate to their appropriate locations, differentiate into mature neurons, and integrate into existing neural circuits. The subventricular zone produces neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell.

Factors that can influence neurogenesis include physical exercise, enriched environments, and certain learning experiences, all of which tend to promote it. Conversely, factors such as stress, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases can inhibit neurogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of neurogenesis has significant implications for developing therapies for neurological disorders and for enhancing cognitive function.