nephrostomes

A nephrostome is a surgically created opening into the renal pelvis, the part of the kidney that collects urine. It is typically established to allow for drainage of urine directly from the kidney, bypassing the normal urinary tract. This procedure is often performed when there is a blockage or obstruction in the ureter or bladder, which prevents urine from flowing out of the body.

The placement of a nephrostome tube is usually done percutaneously, meaning through a small incision in the skin. A needle is guided into the kidney under imaging guidance, and then a catheter is inserted through the needle. This tube then drains urine into an external collection bag. Indications for nephrostomy include kidney stones, tumors pressing on the ureter, strictures, and trauma. It can also be used temporarily to allow a damaged urinary tract to heal or to provide access for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures within the kidney.

The nephrostome tube requires regular care to prevent infection and blockage. Patients or caregivers are educated on how to manage the drainage system, including emptying the collection bag and monitoring for signs of complications. While generally effective for relieving obstruction, potential risks associated with nephrostomy include bleeding, infection, pain, and leakage around the tube. In some cases, the nephrostome may be a temporary measure, and the tube can be removed once the obstruction is resolved. In other situations, it may be a long-term solution for chronic urinary drainage.