nepetalactonesubstance

Nepetalactone is a monoterpene organic compound found in various plants, most notably in catnip (Nepeta cataria). It is also present in other species of the Nepeta genus. Nepetalactone exists as two stereoisomers: cis-nepetalactone and trans-nepetalactone. The cis isomer is the primary active component responsible for the characteristic effects of catnip on cats.

The chemical structure of nepetalactone features a six-membered ring fused with a furan ring. Its molecular formula is C10H14O2. The compound is volatile and contributes to the aromatic properties of catnip.

The primary effect of nepetalactone is its interaction with the olfactory receptors of cats. When cats detect nepetalactone, it triggers a neurological response that can lead to behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, drooling, and increased activity or excitement. This response is thought to be a pleasurable experience for the feline. Not all cats react to nepetalactone; the sensitivity is genetically determined and typically begins to develop around six months of age. Kittens and older cats may also show a diminished response.

Beyond its effects on cats, research has explored other potential properties of nepetalactone. Studies have investigated its insect-repellent capabilities, particularly against mosquitoes. Some evidence suggests that nepetalactone can act as a repellent for certain insect species, though its efficacy may vary. It is also being studied for potential medicinal properties, though research in this area is still in its early stages.