neliöplanaariset
Neliöplanaariset, also known as square planar complexes, are a type of coordination complex where a central metal atom is bonded to four ligands arranged in a planar square geometry. This arrangement is common for metal ions with d8 electron configurations, such as Ni(II), Pt(II), and Au(III). The ligands lie in the same plane, with bond angles of approximately 90 degrees between adjacent ligands and 180 degrees between opposite ligands.
The electronic structure of square planar complexes is characterized by the splitting of the d orbitals into
Square planar complexes exhibit characteristic isomerism, including cis-trans isomerism when the ligands are not all identical.
Examples of square planar complexes include cisplatin, a vital chemotherapy drug, and various catalysts used in