nefrotooksilisus

Nefrotoksilisus, also known as nephrotoxicity, refers to the adverse effects of certain substances on kidney function. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating electrolyte balance, and producing hormones. When exposed to nephrotoxic agents, these critical functions can be impaired, leading to a range of health problems.

Many substances can cause nephrotoxicity, including certain medications, heavy metals, and environmental toxins. Common examples of nephrotoxic drugs include some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and chemotherapy agents. The severity of nephrotoxicity depends on factors such as the specific agent, the dose, the duration of exposure, and the individual's underlying kidney health.

Symptoms of nephrotoxicity can vary widely and may include changes in urine output (either decreased or increased), swelling in the legs and feet, fatigue, nausea, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease, requiring dialysis or transplantation.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function, such as measuring creatinine and urea levels. Imaging studies may also be used. Prevention and management strategies focus on identifying and avoiding nephrotoxic substances, maintaining adequate hydration, and treating underlying conditions that may increase kidney vulnerability. Early detection and intervention are crucial for minimizing kidney damage.