Nefrotoksilisus

Nefrotoksilisus refers to the adverse effect of a substance on the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function. This can range from temporary and reversible damage to permanent and irreversible kidney disease. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance. When exposed to nephrotoxic substances, these crucial functions can be compromised.

Many different agents can cause nephrotoxicity. These include certain medications, such as some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and chemotherapy drugs. Environmental toxins, heavy metals like lead and mercury, and even some natural toxins found in plants and fungi can also be nephrotoxic. The mechanism of toxicity varies depending on the substance, but often involves direct damage to kidney cells, inflammation, or disruption of blood flow to the kidneys.

Symptoms of nephrotoxicity can be varied and may include decreased urine output, swelling in the legs and feet, fatigue, nausea, and changes in urine color. In severe cases, acute kidney injury can develop rapidly, requiring immediate medical intervention. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess kidney function (such as creatinine and BUN levels) and urine tests. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent if possible and managing the symptoms to support kidney recovery. Prevention is key and involves careful use of medications and avoiding exposure to known nephrotoxic substances.