neerukivitõbe

Neerukivitõbi, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a medical condition characterized by the formation of stones in the kidneys. These stones, or calculi, are solid masses made up of minerals and salts that precipitate from urine. The most common types of kidney stones are calcium oxalate stones, followed by uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones.

The exact cause of neerukivitõbi is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to stone formation. These include insufficient fluid intake, which leads to more concentrated urine, and dietary factors such as a high intake of sodium, protein, and oxalate. Genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions like hyperparathyroidism, gout, and inflammatory bowel disease, and some medications can also increase the risk.

Symptoms of neerukivitõbi can vary widely. Small stones may pass unnoticed, while larger stones can cause severe pain, often described as renal colic, which radiates from the back or side to the groin. Other symptoms include blood in the urine (hematuria), nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. If a stone obstructs the urinary tract, it can lead to infection and damage to the kidney.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, urine tests to check for blood or infection, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to locate the stones and assess their size and location. Treatment depends on the size, type, and location of the stones. Small stones may be managed with increased fluid intake and pain medication, allowing them to pass naturally. Larger or problematic stones may require more invasive procedures like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Prevention strategies focus on increasing fluid intake, dietary modifications, and addressing underlying medical conditions.