neckdissection

Neck dissection is a surgical procedure to remove lymph nodes and surrounding tissues from the neck. It is most commonly performed to treat head and neck cancers, particularly those that have spread to the lymph nodes in the neck. The extent of the dissection depends on the location and stage of the cancer.

There are several types of neck dissections, including radical, modified radical, and selective dissections. A radical neck dissection removes all lymph nodes on one side of the neck, along with muscles, nerves, and veins. A modified radical neck dissection removes most of the lymph nodes but preserves some important structures like muscles and nerves. A selective neck dissection removes only specific lymph node groups that are likely to contain cancer cells, preserving more of the surrounding anatomy.

The decision to perform a neck dissection and the type of procedure chosen are based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's cancer, including its size, location, and whether it has spread. This evaluation typically involves imaging studies, biopsies, and a physical examination.

Recovery from neck dissection can vary depending on the extent of the surgery. Potential complications include pain, swelling, numbness, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and lymphedema (swelling due to fluid buildup). Rehabilitation and physical therapy are often important parts of the recovery process. The goal of neck dissection is to remove cancerous tissue and prevent the spread of cancer, thereby improving the patient's prognosis.