ndëshkoj

Ndëshkoj is an Albanian verb meaning to punish or to administer punishment to someone for a wrongdoing. It is a transitive verb used with a direct object and can refer to legal penalties, disciplinary measures, or moral corrective actions. The term can be applied in everyday language as well as in formal or institutional contexts.

Etymology and related forms: The verb is formed from the stem ndëshk- with the suffix -oj, a common ending for Albanian present-tense verbs. The related noun ndëshkim means punishment, penalty, or disciplinary measure. The adjective ndëshkues can describe someone who punishes, and the phrase ndëshkimor refers to punitive or disciplinary aspects.

Usage and forms: Ndëshkoj belongs to the regular -oj verb class. In the present tense, examples include unë ndëshkoj (I punish), ti ndëshkon (you punish), ai/ajo ndëshkon (he/she punishes), ne ndëshkojmë (we punish), ju ndëshkoni (you punish), ata ndëshkojnë (they punish). The past tense can be formed as ndëshkova, ndëshkove, ndëshkoi, ndëshkuam, ndëshkuat, depending on the subject. The passive voice is common as fëmija u ndëshkua (the child was punished).

Examples:

- Unë ndëshkoj një shkelës të ligjit. (I punish a lawbreaker.)

- Prindërit ndëshkuan fëmijën për sjelljen e keqe. (The parents punished the child for bad behavior.)

- Fëmija u ndëshkua nga prindërit. (The child was punished by the parents.)

See also: ndëshkim (punishment), ndëshkimor (punitive), ndëshkues (punisher).