nattuvangam

Nattuvangam is the rhythmic and verbal accompaniment that directs Indian classical dance performances, especially Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi. It is the art of conducting the dance through a combination of hand cymbals (zills) and sung or spoken rhythmic syllables, known as solkattu, which denote tala (beat cycles) and rhythmic cues. The practitioner who performs nattuvangam is called the nattuvanar.

In performance, the nattuvanar sits or stands at the front of the stage and uses a pair of cymbals to mark the tempo. Alongside the cymbals, the artist vocalizes or chants solkattu syllables tied to specific rhythmic patterns, providing the dancers with precise cues for timing, phrasing, and transitions. This rhythmic framework underpins the execution of adavus (the movement units) and abhinaya (expression). The collaboration with live percussion, such as the mridangam, forms the core rhythmic foundation of the piece.

Historically, nattuvangam developed within temple and court traditions in South India, becoming a central element of Bharatanatyam. The practice is also integral to Kuchipudi and other regional dance forms, where the nattuvanar may choreograph or adapt sequences for performance. Training typically involves years of tutelage under a guru, often within a lineage or family tradition, with emphasis on precision of tempo, clarity of syllabic delivery, and understanding of tala.

Today, nattuvangam remains a distinct performing and teaching discipline. In some productions it is performed by a dedicated nattuvanar; in others, the dancer may alternate with or assume the role for portions of the performance.