natriumpropionaatti

Natriumpropionaatti, also known as sodium propionate, is the sodium salt of propionic acid (propanoic acid). Its chemical formula is NaC3H5O2. It appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water. It is produced either by the neutralization of propionic acid with sodium hydroxide or by fermentation processes that yield the propionate ion.

In food applications it is primarily used as a preservative. In the European Union it is listed as the additive E281. Sodium propionate inhibits the growth of molds and some bacteria, helping to extend shelf life in products such as bread, baked goods, dairy products, and processed meats. It may also contribute to moisture retention in foods. Its use is typically in combination with other preservatives and processing aids.

Safety and regulation are generally favorable in many jurisdictions. Sodium propionate is accepted as a food additive and is considered safe at authorized use levels; it has low acute toxicity. Adverse effects are uncommon but high concentrations can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, or respiratory tract, and ingestion in large amounts may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. It is not regarded as carcinogenic. Environmental impact from typical use is considered minimal.

See also: propionic acid, propionates, food preservatives.