narthex

A narthex is the vestibule or entrance hall of a Christian church, serving as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior of the building. It is traditionally located at the western end of the nave in many Western churches, though its exact placement and form vary. As a porch or enclosed foyer, the narthex functions as a transitional zone before worshippers pass into the main sanctuary.

Historically, the narthex played a key liturgical role. In early and medieval Christianity, it provided space for catechumens and penitents who were not yet admitted to the nave during services. Over time, it also became a place for processions, preparation, and light social interaction before and after worship.

Architectural variations occur across traditions. In many Western churches, the narthex is a distinct entry foyer separated from the nave by doors or arches, sometimes incorporated into the façade as a simple porch. In Byzantine and other Eastern churches, the narthex may be divided into outer and inner sections and can function as a more formal precursor to the nave, reflecting different liturgical and architectural practices.

In modern usage, the term is often applied to the entrance lobby of a church building, regardless of whether it is a separate structure. It may house amenities such as coat rooms, meeting or social spaces, or parish offices, while still serving as a transitional space before entering the main worship area.

The word narthex comes from Greek and was adopted into Latin and Western ecclesiastical architecture to describe this entrance vestibule. It is distinct from related terms such as the nave, aisle, and atrium, which refer to other parts of the church complex.