naphthalike

Naphthalene, sometimes spelled naphthalike, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C10H8. It consists of two fused benzene rings, forming a planar, symmetrical molecule. It is the simplest member of the naphthalene family and a common example of a volatile PAH.

Naphthalene occurs naturally in coal tar and is produced commercially from coal tar distillation and the refining of petroleum byproducts. It can also form in small amounts during incomplete combustion of organic material. Industrially, it is a key feedstock for making phthalic anhydride and certain naphthol derivatives used in dyes, resins, and other chemicals. It has historically been used in moth repellents (mothballs) and as a solvent in organic synthesis.

Physically, naphthalene is a colorless to white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. It melts at about 80.2°C and boils around 218°C. It has a density near 1.14 g/cm3 at room temperature and is volatile, readily subliming at ambient conditions. It is poorly soluble in water but dissolves in many organic solvents such as benzene, ether, and alcohol. It is flammable and should be handled with care to avoid inhalation or skin contact.

Safety and environmental considerations are important. Naphthalene can irritate the eyes, skin, and lungs; prolonged exposure may have more serious health effects, and it is classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). It is toxic to aquatic life and can persist in the environment. Proper storage, ventilation, and disposal are advised.