nanofiltrierende

Nanofiltrierende refers to the process of nanofiltration, a membrane separation technology that utilizes membranes with pore sizes typically ranging from 1 to 10 nanometers. This size range places nanofiltration between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in terms of pore size and separation capabilities. Nanofiltration membranes are selectively permeable, allowing smaller molecules such as water and monovalent ions to pass through while retaining larger molecules like divalent ions, multivalent ions, and organic compounds with molecular weights above approximately 200-500 Daltons.

The driving force for nanofiltration is pressure, usually applied across the membrane. This pressure overcomes the osmotic pressure and pushes the solvent (typically water) and smaller solutes through the membrane, leaving the larger solutes behind. The specific retention characteristics of a nanofiltration membrane depend on its pore size, pore size distribution, and the surface chemistry of the membrane material.

Nanofiltrierende is employed in various applications. In water treatment, it is used for softening hard water by removing divalent ions like calcium and magnesium, as well as for the removal of specific contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, and certain organic molecules. It also finds use in the dairy industry for concentrating whey proteins and lactose, and in the pharmaceutical industry for the purification and concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In the food and beverage industry, it can be applied for de-salting, de-colorization, and product fractionation. The effectiveness of nanofiltrierende is measured by its rejection rate for specific solutes and its permeate flux.