naftalen

Naphthalene, known as naftalen in several languages, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C10H8. It consists of two fused benzene rings, forming a planar, polycyclic structure. At room temperature it appears as a white, crystalline solid with a distinctive mothball-like odor. It is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents; melting point is about 80.3 °C and boiling point about 218 °C.

In nature, small amounts of naphthalene occur in coal tar and some crude oils. Commercial production is mainly from coal tar distillation and from selected petroleum fractions, often obtained as a byproduct of fossil fuel processing. It is also produced as an intermediate in the manufacture of phthalic anhydride by oxidation.

Uses of naphthalene include its historical role as a moth repellent and pesticide, though such uses have declined due to health and environmental concerns. It serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes, resins, fragrances, and polycyclic aromatic compounds, and it can be used as a solvent in laboratory settings. It is also a precursor in the synthesis of phthalic anhydride.

Safety and regulation: Naphthalene is flammable and emits vapors that can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Chronic exposure has been linked to health risks, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). It is toxic to aquatic life, and handling requires proper ventilation, protective equipment, and compliance with hazardous-wacse disposal regulations.