nadzorem

Nadzór is a form of oversight or supervision exercised by a competent authority over persons, institutions, or activities to ensure compliance with law, regulations, and safety standards. It involves monitoring, guidance, and, when necessary, corrective or punitive measures. It is distinct from routine inspections by its ongoing, authoritative character and its focus on compliance and risk prevention.

In Poland, nadzór operates across many sectors. Public administration bodies supervise local authorities and regulated activities; supervisory authorities such as the Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego oversee banks, insurers, and capital markets; nadzór budowlany oversees construction safety and compliance with building regulations; in education and healthcare, supervisory bodies monitor quality and legality of activities. In corporate governance, central ministries or dedicated supervisory boards exercise oversight over subsidiaries and compliance with statutes.

The powers exercised in nadzór typically include issuing recommendations, ordering corrective actions, imposing sanctions, suspending or revoking licenses, or initiating investigations. Actions may be accompanied by reporting requirements and periodic reviews. The precise scope and methods are defined by statutes and sector-specific regulations.

The term nadzór, including its instrumental form nadzorem, is common in Polish legal and administrative language and is used in phrases like "pod nadzorem" (under supervision). It denotes both general oversight as a concept and concrete regulatory authorities responsible for it.