naatriumhüpokloriid

Natriumhüpokloriid, known in English as sodium hypochlorite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaOCl. In aqueous solution it acts as a strong oxidizing agent and is widely used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. Household bleach typically consists of about 3–8% NaOCl in water, with stabilizers added in some products to slow decomposition. Industrial grades are higher in concentration for paper bleaching, water treatment, and sanitization of surfaces and equipment.

Production and properties: Sodium hypochlorite is produced by reacting chlorine gas with sodium hydroxide or by electrolytic processes. The principal reaction is Cl2 + 2 NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O. In water, NaOCl partially hydrolyzes to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is the active disinfecting species. The solution’s pH is strongly alkaline (around 11–12). NaOCl decomposes on exposure to light, heat and trace metals, forming sodium chloride and sodium chlorate.

Safety and storage: Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive to skin and eyes and can release chlorine gas if acidified or heated strongly. It should be stored in opaque, tightly closed containers away from sunlight, heat, metal ions, and reducing agents. It reacts with organic matter to form chlorinated disinfection byproducts, and its environmental toxicity is a consideration in use and disposal.