mútua

Mútua is a Spanish term that translates to "mutual" or "reciprocal" in English. It is most commonly used in the context of insurance, referring to a type of insurance company owned by its policyholders rather than external shareholders. These companies, known as mutual insurance companies or "mútua d'assegurances" in Catalan, operate for the benefit of their members. Any profits generated are typically reinvested in the company or distributed to policyholders in the form of lower premiums or dividends.

The concept of mutualism in insurance has a long history, with roots in medieval guilds and friendly societies that provided financial support to members in times of need. Mutual insurance companies are characterized by a democratic structure, where policyholders have voting rights and can influence the company's governance. This contrasts with stock insurance companies, which are owned by shareholders who may prioritize profit maximization.

In Spain, the term "mútua" also appears in other contexts, such as "mútua col·laboradora amb la Seguretat Social," which are private entities collaborating with the social security system to manage certain aspects of worker benefits and occupational accident insurance. These entities act as intermediaries, providing services and support to employers and employees within the framework of national social security legislation. The underlying principle of mutuality, however, remains central to their operation.