märkäviljely

Märkäviljely, also known as wet cultivation or paddy cultivation, is an agricultural technique primarily used for growing rice and other water-dependent crops. This method involves flooding the fields for a significant portion of the growing season. The flooded conditions create a unique environment that benefits rice plants, such as suppressing weed growth and providing a readily available source of water. The depth of the water is carefully managed, and the fields are typically leveled to ensure uniform water distribution.

The process usually begins with preparing the land, which often involves plowing and harrowing to create a fine tilth. Seedlings are then transplanted into the flooded fields, either by hand or using machinery. The water serves as a medium for nutrient transport and helps regulate soil temperature. Drainage is also a crucial aspect of märkäviljely, as periods of flooding are often alternated with draining to allow for aeration of the soil and to manage plant growth.

This cultivation system is prevalent in many parts of Asia, where it is the dominant method for rice production. It requires a reliable water supply, often from rainfall, rivers, or irrigation systems. While labor-intensive, märkäviljely has supported rice-based societies for centuries, contributing significantly to global food security. Modern advancements have introduced mechanization to reduce labor demands and improve efficiency in some areas.