myoelektiske

Myoelektiske, often translated as myoelectric in English, refers to the use of electrical signals produced by skeletal muscles to control external devices or to study muscle function. The term is used in Danish and related languages to describe systems that detect muscle activity and translate it into mechanical action.

In practice, myoelectric control relies on electromyography (EMG). Surface electrodes placed on the skin over residual or involved muscles detect voltage changes as muscles contract. These signals are amplified, filtered, and processed to drive a prosthetic device. In some cases, implanted sensors may be used to improve signal fidelity or enable more complex control.

Applications are most prominent in upper-limb prosthetics, such as myoelectric hands and arms. Control methods include direct control, where a single EMG signal corresponds to a specific movement, and pattern recognition, where a set of EMG patterns is mapped to multiple movements. Proportional control can adjust the speed or force of the device in response to signal strength, enabling varied grips, wrist rotation, and other functions.

Advantages of myoelectric systems include more natural and intuitive control, reduced reliance on physical cables, and potential for increased functional versatility. Limitations involve sensitivity to electrode placement and skin impedance, issues with sweating and fatigue, the need for regular calibration, and higher cost compared to simpler body-powered options.

Ongoing research seeks to improve signal processing robustness, develop wireless and implantable sensors, and advance machine-learning approaches for more nuanced control, while addressing user comfort, reliability, and durability.