myeloperoksydaza

Myeloperoksydaza, often abbreviated as MPO, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human immune system. It is primarily found in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that is a key component of innate immunity. MPO is abundant in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and is released into the phagosome during the process of phagocytosis, where pathogens are engulfed and destroyed.

The primary function of myeloperoksydaza is to catalyze the conversion of chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide into hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid is a potent antimicrobial agent that can effectively kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This process is a vital part of the oxidative burst, a rapid release of reactive oxygen species that neutrophils use to eliminate invading microorganisms.

Beyond its antimicrobial functions, myeloperoksydaza has also been implicated in inflammatory processes and tissue damage. Elevated levels of MPO in biological fluids can be indicative of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been studied in the context of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, where it can contribute to the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis. Research also suggests a role for MPO in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.