myelodysplastické

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature or become healthy blood cells. These immature cells, also called blasts, do not function properly and are unable to fight infection or carry oxygen effectively. As a result, the bone marrow produces too few of these healthy cells, leading to a shortage of one or more types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

The exact cause of MDS is unknown in most cases, but it is more common in older adults, with the average age at diagnosis being 70 years. Certain environmental exposures, such as radiation or chemotherapy, may increase the risk of developing MDS. Symptoms can vary widely and may include fatigue, shortness of breath, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and paleness. These symptoms often develop gradually and can be mistaken for other conditions.

Diagnosis of MDS typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment for MDS depends on the specific type of MDS, the patient's overall health, and the severity of their symptoms. Options may include supportive care, such as blood transfusions or growth factors to stimulate blood cell production, or medication. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be considered. MDS can sometimes progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), another type of blood cancer.