mutlaq

Mutlaq (Arabic: مطلق) is a term meaning "absolute" or "unrestricted." It functions as an adjective and as a technical term in several disciplines, notably Arabic linguistics, Islamic jurisprudence, and philosophy. The word is derived from a root associated with release or setting free, and it carries the sense of unconditional or unconstrained when used in discourse.

In Arabic grammar and rhetoric, al-mutlaq refers to an utterance or expression that is not qualified by modifiers or constraints, i.e., not muqayyad (restricted). It can apply to nouns, verbs, or phrases to indicate lack of limitation, though the precise technical usage varies among schools of grammar.

In Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and usul al-fiqh, mutlaq denotes a ruling, command, or attribute stated without qualifiers. A mutlaq command is considered binding in a broad, unconditional sense; if conditions or exceptions are added, the ruling becomes muqayyad (restricted). The concept helps distinguish between universal directives and those contingent on particular circumstances.

In theology and philosophy, mutlaq may denote absolutes regarded as universal or unconditional, such as certain principles or attributes treated as independent of contingent factors. The term also appears in modern scholarly discussions as part of translations of Arabic texts on jurisprudence, grammar, or theology.

As a proper name, Mutlaq is occasionally used as a given name or surname in Arabic-speaking regions, reflecting the positive sense of absoluteness or universality.

See also: muqayyad, usul al-fiqh, Arabic grammar, terminology of Islamic jurisprudence.