mutazala

Mutazilism, often referred to as the Mutazala, was a theological school of thought that emerged during the early Abbasid period in Islam. It was founded by the scholar Wasil ibn Ata (d. 748) and further developed by his student Al-Juhri (d. 786). The Mutazila sought to reconcile Islamic theology with rational thought and philosophy, particularly with the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers.

The Mutazila argued for the existence of God's attributes, positing that God has essential attributes (such as knowledge and power) that are eternal and unchanging, and accidental attributes (such as creating the universe) that are temporary and changeable. They also emphasized the concept of divine justice and the idea that God rewards and punishes based on human actions.

One of the key debates within Mutazilism was the nature of the Qur'an. The Mutazila held that the Qur'an was created, not eternal, and that it was possible for its contents to be changed or altered. This view was challenged by other theological schools, particularly the Ash'arites, who argued for the eternal and unchangeable nature of the Qur'an.

The Mutazila also engaged in debates about free will and determinism. They generally favored a position that allowed for some degree of human free will, while also acknowledging divine sovereignty.

The Mutazila's influence waned over time, particularly after the rise of Ash'arism, which became the dominant theological school in Sunni Islam. However, their ideas continued to influence Islamic thought and theology, and their debates on free will, determinism, and the nature of the Qur'an remain relevant in contemporary Islamic scholarship.